關(guān)鍵詞：金紅石型鈦白粉

打破“資源詛咒”面臨諸多瓶頸

　　3月底的攀西高原，已是烈日炎炎。在攀西大裂谷周邊的大山上，正在開發(fā)中的礦區(qū)裸露在烈日之下，大型運(yùn)輸車輛轟鳴在山谷之中。

　　這里作為全國唯一的 級戰(zhàn)略資源創(chuàng)新開發(fā)試驗(yàn)區(qū)(以下簡稱“攀西試驗(yàn)區(qū)”)，已經(jīng)走過了一年的歷程。去年3月， 發(fā)改委正式批復(fù)攀西試驗(yàn)區(qū)，其規(guī)劃面積近3萬平方公里，包括四川省的攀枝花市、涼山州、雅安市共3市州13個(gè)縣市區(qū)，其目標(biāo)為，到2020年，試驗(yàn)區(qū)內(nèi)建成2~3個(gè)千億級產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)。

　　“我們期望借助試驗(yàn)區(qū)的政策，走出一條資源型城市產(chǎn)業(yè)升級、城市轉(zhuǎn)型、民生改善的可持續(xù)發(fā)展新路子。”攀枝花市市長張剡坦言，經(jīng)過一年的探索，在產(chǎn)業(yè)政策、技術(shù)、人才、生產(chǎn)要素等諸多方面還有亟待突破的瓶頸，與試驗(yàn)區(qū)的發(fā)展存在著現(xiàn)實(shí)的落差。

　　《中國經(jīng)營報(bào)》記者在采訪中了解到，作為資源型老工業(yè)基地，攀枝花將分別占全球11%和35%資源的釩鈦資源開發(fā)，放置在城市轉(zhuǎn)型的戰(zhàn)略高地。但眾多利益群體的博弈正暗流涌動，攀枝花能否打破“資源詛咒”，還有待試驗(yàn)區(qū)改革進(jìn)入深水區(qū)。

　　實(shí)驗(yàn)出來的問題單

　　“只聽樓梯響，不見人下來。”這是攀枝花米易縣縣委書記王飚對這一年來試驗(yàn)區(qū)政策落地的感受。在王飚看來，試驗(yàn)區(qū)的政策不明朗，相關(guān)配套政策沒有出來，紅線又太多，因此對試驗(yàn)區(qū)的期望值和現(xiàn)實(shí)落差也越來越大。

　　資料顯示，米易縣礦產(chǎn)資源豐富,已探明金屬和非金屬礦27種、礦區(qū)63處，其中全縣已經(jīng)探明(普查)釩鈦磁鐵礦鐵礦石地質(zhì)儲量41.6億噸。

　　“作為試驗(yàn)區(qū)，資源配置的靈活性和針對性不夠，使得一些掌握礦產(chǎn)資源的企業(yè)開發(fā)積極性和科技創(chuàng)新投入不足。”王飚建議，對納入試驗(yàn)區(qū)規(guī)劃的項(xiàng)目，實(shí)行審批權(quán)限下放一級的政策，爭取將由 核準(zhǔn)、備案、環(huán)評的權(quán)限下放至省級，將原來由省級核準(zhǔn)、備案、環(huán)評的權(quán)限下放到市、縣級審批，開辟項(xiàng)目審批綠色通道。

　　對于攀枝花市來說， 的困惑在于釩鈦?zhàn)鳛殇撹F產(chǎn)業(yè)的下游產(chǎn)品，目前被 列入受限的鋼鐵類項(xiàng)目，制約了釩鈦資源的綜合開發(fā)利用。另外，釩鈦資源開發(fā)所需的配套產(chǎn)業(yè)也多屬 限制類項(xiàng)目，致使釩鈦資源綜合利用缺少配套產(chǎn)業(yè)及政策的有力支撐。

　　此外，在記者采訪中發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論是企業(yè)還是工業(yè)園區(qū)，其問題的焦點(diǎn)還在于以電力、鐵路、融資和煤炭為主的生產(chǎn)要素制約瓶頸。

　　“攀鋼一年的用電總量達(dá)到60億度，企業(yè)成本壓力太大。”攀鋼釩鈦(1.97, 0.02, 1.03%)股份公司總經(jīng)理張大德告訴記者，現(xiàn)在電價(jià)是每度0.534元，如果自己建設(shè)大型火電廠，直供電的價(jià)格每度1毛多錢，但通過 電網(wǎng)[微博]輸送后，只能按照現(xiàn)有市場價(jià)格執(zhí)行。 鈦白粉

　　對急于擺脫以鋼鐵為單一產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，轉(zhuǎn)型升級為“中國釩鈦之都”的攀枝花來說，現(xiàn)在不得不為4年之后的用電問題而焦灼。

　　此外，地處云貴川交界的攀枝花，還要面臨鐵路、公路運(yùn)力不足和運(yùn)輸成本過高的問題。“我們的運(yùn)輸成本從2012年的每噸每公里八分錢，漲到現(xiàn)在的一毛三分五。”張大德說，加上通過海運(yùn)和陸路采購煤炭成本等，攀鋼的鋼鐵價(jià)格每噸要比鞍鋼高出132元，“這如何與沿海的鋼鐵企業(yè)比競爭力？”

　　釩鈦產(chǎn)業(yè)的未來

　　資料顯示，目前攀枝花境內(nèi)釩鈦磁鐵礦保有儲量達(dá)67億噸，釩、鈦儲量分別占全國的63%、 和全 的11%、35%，分別居 第三和 位。據(jù)最新資源潛力評價(jià)，攀枝花市釩鈦磁鐵礦儲量將超過200億噸。

　　記者注意到，在攀枝花，對于礦區(qū)的爭奪就從未停息，其中最為關(guān)注的就是紅格礦區(qū)。紅格礦位于攀枝花市鹽邊縣，是攀枝花—西昌地區(qū)釩鈦磁鐵礦四大礦區(qū)(太和、白馬、攀枝花、紅格)中唯一尚未大規(guī)模開發(fā)建設(shè)的礦區(qū)。此前，包括央企攀鋼集團(tuán)，民營企業(yè)宏達(dá)集團(tuán)、龍蟒集團(tuán)、香港上市公司恒鼎 等等都在爭奪這一礦區(qū)(南礦區(qū))的開發(fā)權(quán)，但根據(jù) 政策，在現(xiàn)有開發(fā)和冶煉技術(shù)均未成熟時(shí)暫時(shí)封存。

　　“我們已經(jīng)打造出了釩鈦產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條，同時(shí)還擔(dān)負(fù)著攀枝花十幾萬人的生計(jì)。”張大德表示，目前攀鋼集團(tuán)手里掌握的有開采價(jià)值的礦產(chǎn)不過13億噸，只能開采五六年，之后將是無米之炊。因此，張希望 能夠資源傾斜，而不是通過拍賣誰舉牌高誰就能拿礦。

　　就此，四川省社科院副院長、四川省決策委員會委員盛毅認(rèn)為，攀枝花要實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級與城市轉(zhuǎn)型， 進(jìn)一步加大開放力度，同時(shí)在資源配置上以市場化手段。

　　有民營企業(yè)抱怨說，攀枝花是“一鋼獨(dú)大”，攀鋼產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條越長虧損越多，但守住礦產(chǎn)又粗放式開發(fā)，比如表皮礦，還有很大的開發(fā)價(jià)值，但攀鋼不愿意給民營企業(yè)，自己卻不愿意選。

　　實(shí)際上，早些時(shí)候，針對紅格南礦區(qū)的開發(fā)，攀枝花早先設(shè)計(jì)的“ 方案”是由宏達(dá)集團(tuán)控股，攀鋼集團(tuán)、恒鼎公司及其他本地民營企業(yè)共同出資組建聯(lián)合礦業(yè)開發(fā)公司。一位攀枝花政界人士告訴記者，此設(shè)想方案，卻遭到了攀鋼集團(tuán)的“極力反對”，其要求 是自己控股。

　　“在資源配置方面，改革的方向就是以市場為 實(shí)現(xiàn)資源的有效配置。”張剡表示，希望通過倒逼機(jī)制，實(shí)現(xiàn)市場的調(diào)節(jié)；通過技術(shù)創(chuàng)新改變對礦產(chǎn)資源的粗放式開發(fā)，才可能解決當(dāng)前的困境，走出一條新路。

　　數(shù)據(jù)顯示，攀枝花已形成年產(chǎn)3.5萬噸釩制品、60萬噸鈦白粉、3萬噸海綿鈦、8000噸鈦錠的生產(chǎn)能力，釩制品國內(nèi)、 市場占有率分別達(dá) 和20%，鈦精礦生產(chǎn)規(guī)模達(dá)200萬噸，成為生產(chǎn)規(guī)模全國 、 第二的釩產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)基地，全國 的鈦原料基地和全流程鈦工業(yè)基地。“但是攀枝花的釩鈦產(chǎn)業(yè)在 上仍然缺乏競爭力。”攀枝花市釩鈦產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)人坦言，關(guān)鍵就在核心技術(shù)上。 鈦白粉

　　為了科技攻關(guān)，攀枝花市與中國科學(xué)院、中國工程院等科研 的深度合作，正在建設(shè)釩鈦產(chǎn)品研發(fā)中心、生產(chǎn)中心、質(zhì)檢中心和交易中心；同時(shí)四川省 面向全球公開招標(biāo)攀西戰(zhàn)略資源創(chuàng)新開發(fā)試驗(yàn)區(qū)首批10個(gè)重大科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目。

　　但攀枝花仍坦承，目前仍只回收利用了 的鐵、47%的釩和15%的鈦，鉻、鎵、鈧等尚未得到有效回收利用，釩在高端領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用嚴(yán)重不足，鈦材、鈦合金等鈦金屬深加工產(chǎn)品涉足尚淺，亟待攻克一批重大關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)資源的 開發(fā)利用。

　　張剡透露，攀枝花市“十二五”制定了“6+2”的產(chǎn)業(yè)格局，包括礦業(yè)、鋼鐵、釩鈦、能源、化工、機(jī)械制造6大傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)和太陽能、生物工程兩大新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，“現(xiàn)在我們要用試驗(yàn)區(qū)這個(gè)牌子，通過創(chuàng)新來給它增加內(nèi)容，在資源創(chuàng)新開發(fā)上先行先試，加快產(chǎn)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級。”

To break the "resource curse" faces many bottlenecks
3 at the end of the Panxi plateau, is the scorching sun. In the Panxi rift valley around the mountain, is the development of the mining area expos鈦白粉ed to the sun, large transport vehicles roaring in the valley.
Here is the only national strategic resource innovation Development Experimental Zone (hereinafter referred to as "Panxi zone"), has gone through the course of a year. In March last year, the national development and Reform Commission officially approved the Panxi zone, the planning area of about 00 square kilometers, 13 counties in Sichuan Province, including Panzhihua, Liangshan, Ya'an City, a total of 3 city states, the target, to 2020, built in the experimental area of 2~3 billion industrial park.
"We expect the test area policy, out of a sustainable development of resources city industry transformation and upgrade, city, improve the livelihood of the people of new road." Panzhihua city mayor Zhang Yan said, after a year of exploration, in the industrial policy, technology, personnel, production factors and many other aspects still need to break through the bottleneck, there is a reality and Development Experimental zone.
"China business newspaper" reporter in the interview to understand, as a resource-based old industrial base, Panzhihua will be accounted for 11% and 35% of vanadium titanium resource development of global resources, placed in the strategic highland city transformation. But the game many interest groups is the undercurrent, Panzhihua can break the "resource curse", remains to be the test area reform into the deep water area.
The experiment of single
All talk and no cider. This is the feelings of Panzhihua Miyi county Party Secretary Wang Biao on this year to test the policy landing. In Wang Biao seems, test area of policy uncertainty, the relevant supporting policies did not come out, the red line and too little, so the test area of expectations and the reality gap is more and more big.鈦白粉
Data shows, Miyi county is rich in mineral resources, has proven the metal and non-metallic minerals 27, 63 mining areas, where the county has proven (census) vanadium titanium magnetite iron ore reserves of 41.6 tons.
"As a test area, the flexibility of resource allocation and not very targeted, the master of mineral resources enterprise development initiative and innovation of science and technology investment." Wang Biao suggested, on into the test area in the project planning, implementation of the examination and approval authority delegated level policy, for by the state, for the record, the EIA approval authority delegated to the provincial level, the provincial examination and approval, for the record, the EIA authority to the city, county approval, project approval Easy Access opens.
As for the Panzhihua City, the biggest confusion lies in vanadium titanium as the downstream products of iron and steel industry, iron and steel projects currently included in the national limited, restricted the comprehensive development and utilization of vanadium and titanium resources. In addition, supporting industry for vanadium titanium resource development and the national projects in the restricted category, the comprehensive utilization of strong support for lack of supporting industry and the policy of vanadium titanium resources.
In addition, found in a press interview, whether it is business or industrial park, the issue is that production factors in order to electric power, railway, financing and coal is the main bottleneck.
"A year o鈦白粉f the total electricity to 6000000000 degrees of Panzhihua Iron and steel enterprise cost pressure is too great." Panzhihua vanadium titanium (1.97, 0.02, 1.03%) joint-stock company general manager Zhang Dade told reporters, and now the price is 0.534 yuan per degree, if the construction of large thermal power plant, the direct supply price per degree 1 wool much money, but by the national power grid [micro-blog] delivery, only in accordance with the current market price.
To get rid of the steel for the single industry structure, transformation and upgrading "China vanadium titanium" for Panzhihua, now have to issue electric 4 years later and anxious.
In addition, the Yunnan Guizhou Sichuan is located at the junction of Panzhihua, will face the railway, highway transportation capacity shortage and high cost of transportation problems. "Our transportation costs from 2012 eight cents per ton kilometers, up to now a hair three points five." Zhang Dade said, with the ocean and land purchase cost of coal, steel prices steel per ton 132 yuan higher than the Anshan Iron and steel, "how does this and coastal steel enterprises competitive?"
Vanadium and titanium industry in the future
Data shows, at present Panzhihua vanadium titanium magnetite ore reserves of 67 tons, vanadium, titanium reserves accounted for 63%, and 11% of the world, 35%, respectively, ranking third in the world and the first in the world. According to the latest resource potential evaluation, Panzhihua vanadium titanium magnetite ore reserves of more than 200 tons.鈦白粉
Reporter noted that, in Panzhihua, for the mining area of contention has never stopped, the most concern is the red pattern mining area. Hongge deposit is located in the Yanbian County in Panzhihua City, Panzhihua Xichang area, four large area of vanadium titanium magnetite (Taihe, Panzhihua, white, red lattice) only has not yet large-scale development and construction of the mining area. Prior to this, including the central enterprises to Panzhihua Iron and Steel Group, private enterprises HTC group, Lomon group, Hong Kong listed companies Hidili and so on are in contention for the mining area (south area) of the right to development, but according to the national policy, the exploitation and smelting technology is immature temporarily sealed.
"We have created the vanadium and titanium industry chain, but also bears the Panzhihua hundreds of thousands of people's livelihood." Zhang Dade said, at present, the Panzhihua Iron and Steel Group held a value of mineral exploration but 13 tons, can only be mined for five or six years, will be after the cook a meal without rice. Therefore, Zhang hopes that the government can resources, rather than through the auction who attacked the high who can take mine.
In this regard, vice president, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, Sichuan Province decision committee that Sheng Yi,

 

濟(jì)南中北化工，專業(yè)鈦白粉生產(chǎn)研發(fā)廠家
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